Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II Transactivator (CIITA)

CIITA mRNA can only be detected in human leukocyte antigen system class II-positive cell lines and tissues. This highly restricted tissue distribution suggests that expression of HLA class II genes is to a large extent under the control of CIITA. However CIITA does not appear to directly bind to DNA. Instead CIITA functions through activation the transcription factor RFX5. Hence CIITA is classified as a transcriptional coactivator. The CIITA protein contains an acidic transcriptional activation domain, 4 LRRs and a GTP binding domain. The protein uses GTP binding to facilitate its own transport into the nucleus. Once in the nucleus, the protein acts as a positive regulator of class II major histocompatibility complex gene transcription, and is often referred to as the "master control factor" for the expression of these genes.