Fibroblast Growth Factor 19 (FGF19)

FGF19 is a member of the fibroblast growth factor family. FGF19 was detected only in fetal but not adult brain tissue. FGF19 has important roles as a hormone produced in the ileum in response to bile acid absorption. Bile acids bind to the farnesoid X receptor, stimulating FGF19 transcription. Several FXR / bile acid response elements have been identified in the FGF19 gene. Human FGF19 transcripts have been shown to be stimulated approximately 300-fold by physiological concentrations of bile acids including chenodeoxycholic acid, glycochenodeoxycholic acid and obeticholic acid in explants of ileal mucosa. FGF19 regulates new bile acid synthesis, acting through the FGFR4/Klotho-β receptor complexes in the liver to inhibit CYP7A1. FGF19 has metabolic effects, affecting glucose and lipid metabolism when used in experimental mouse models.