Retinoid Inducible Nuclear Factor (RINF)

Using microarray analysis, Andersson et al. (2009) found that expression of Cxxc5 was significantly upregulated in rat neural stem cells following Bmp4 stimulation. In situ hybridization revealed that Cxxc5 expression localized selectively to Bmp4-rich dorsal telencephalon.

Cxxc5 was predominantly nuclear, but it also colocalized and interacted with several isoforms of the Wnt signaling intermediary Dvl (DVL1) in the cytoplasm. Cxxc5 influenced expression of the endogenous Wnt signaling target Axin2 and activated Wnt3a -induced reporter gene expression. Andersson et al. (2009) proposed that CXXC5 is a BMP-regulated modulator of Wnt signaling in telencephalic neural stem cells.