Rho Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor 19 (ARHGEF19)

Guanine nucleotide exchange factors such as ARHGEF19 accelerate the GTPase activity of Rho GTPases.The deduced mouse Arhgef19 protein contains 802 amino acids and shares 48% identity to Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor-5. Northern blot analysis of mouse tissues detected an approximately 3-kb transcript with highest expression in intestine and lower levels in liver, heart, and kidney.mouse Arhgef19 displays GEF activity towards members of the RhoA family of GTPases such as RhoA with possible lower activity detected against Rac1 and Cdc42. Forced expression of Arhgef19 in HeLa cells induced changes in cell morphology such as formation of filopodia, stress fibers, membrane ruffling, and lamellipodia, which were suggested to arise through activation of members of the Rho family of GTPases.