Tubulin Tyrosine Ligase Like Protein 3 (TTLL3)

TTLL3 Is a Tubulin Glycine Ligase that Regulates the Assembly of Cilia. In most ciliated cell types, tubulin is modified by glycylation, a posttranslational modification of unknown function. TTLL3 act as tubulin glycine ligases with chain-initiating activity. In Tetrahymena, deletion of TTLL3 shortened axonemes and increased their resistance to paclitaxel-mediated microtubule stabilization. In zebrafish, depletion of TTLL3 led to either shortening or loss of cilia in several organs, including the Kupffer's vesicle and olfactory placode. in vivo, glutamic acid and glycine ligases oppose each other, likely by competing for shared modification sites on tubulin. tubulin glycylation regulates the assembly and dynamics of axonemal microtubules and acts either directly or indirectly by inhibiting tubulin glutamylation.