Dual Oxidase 2 (DUOX2)

Dual oxidase is an enzyme that was first identified in the mammalian thyroid gland. In humans, two isoforms are found; hDUOX1 and hDUOX2 (this enzyme). The protein location is not exclusive to thyroid tissue; hDUOX1 is prominent in airway epithelial cells and hDUOX2 in the salivary glands and gastrointestinal tract.It has been suggested that DUOX2 is the isoform to generate H₂O₂ utilized by thyroid peroxidase (TPO) for the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones, supported by the discovery of congenital hypothyroidism resultant from an inactivating mutation in the DUOX2 gene. The family currently has seven members including NOX1, NOX2 (formerly known as gp91^phox), NOX3, NOX4, NOX5, DUOX1 and DUOX2.This protein is known as a dual oxidase because it has both a peroxidase homology domain and a gp91^phox domain.