Periapical periodontitis (PP)

Periapical periodontitis is an acute or chronic inflammatory lesion around the apex of a tooth root which is caused by bacterial invasion of the pulp of the tooth. Periapical periodontitis can be considered a sequela in the natural history of dental caries, irreversible pulpitis and pulpal necrosis, since it is the likely outcome of untreated dental caries, although not always. Periapical periodontitis may develop into a periapical abscess, where a collection of pus forms at the end of the root, the consequence of spread of infection from the tooth pulp, or into a periapical cyst, where an epithelial lined, fluid filled structure forms.