N-Acetyltransferase 1 (NAT1)

NAT1 is one of two arylamine N-acetyltransferase (NAT) genes in the human geneome, and is orthologous to the mouse and rat Nat2 genes. The enzyme encoded by this gene catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl group from acetyl-CoA to various arylamine and hydrazine substrates. This enzyme helps metabolize drugs and other xenobiotics, and functions in folate catabolism. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. NAT2 gene is the site of the polymorphism that was first identified through 'isoniazid inactivation' and is also known as 'acetylator phenotype.' The NAT1 gene is responsible for the N-acetylation of certain arylamine drugs such as p-aminosalicylic acid and shows no variability, i.e., is monomorphic.