Satellite Glial Cells (SGC)

Satellite Glial Cells (SGCs), formerly amphicytes, are unique glial cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS), tightly enveloping neuronal cell bodies in sensory, sympathetic, and parasympathetic ganglia to form neuron–glial units. They share an embryonic origin with Schwann cells from the neural crest, have a flattened shape with essential organelles, and express receptors/ion channels for neuronal interactions. Once considered supportive, SGCs play key physiological roles (e.g., nutritional support, microenvironment regulation) and pathologically activate in injury/inflammation, linked to chronic pain and other disorders. A key study focuses on their morphology, heterogeneity, and pain-related roles. SGC research remains active, exploring their mechanisms and therapeutic potential.