Thioredoxin-interacting Protein (TXNIP)

Exposure to vitamin D3 (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) or phorbol ester induces the bipotent HL-60 cell promyelocytic leukemia cell line to differentiate into monocytes/macrophages, whereas retinoic acid and dimethylsulfoxide induce differentiation towards granulocytes. The differentiation is accompanied by regulation of MYC , FOS , FMS (CSF1R), and myeloblastin (PRTN3;). By differential screening of HL60 cell lines, Chen and DeLuca (1994) identified a cDNA encoding TXNIP, which they termed VDUP1. The deduced TXNIP protein has 391 amino acids. Ribonuclease protection analysis showed dramatically increased expression of TXNIP in response to vitamin D3 but not to phorbol ester. Chen and DeLuca (1994) concluded that TXNIP is not involved in the differentiation process.