Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is used for identification and localization of the target antigen/antibody by observing the staining results of sections. During the process of sectioning, it is essential to maintain the integrity of antigens. Dissolution and denaturation of antigen should be avoided during the process of staining, washing and embedding. Meanwhile, it should be eliminated that antigens diffuse to near by. Figure1 IHC image cells or tissue spaces. Tissue processing is important for obtaining good result of IHC. Living tissue, various body fluid, punctate and cells can be used for IHC analysis. Different process methods can be used according to various specimens. For livin......

Since Kohler and Milstein established lymphocyte hybridoma technology, Hybridoma are typically made by fusing tumor cells with the B lymphocytes that has been immunized with specific antigen. The hybridoma will secrete antibody as B cell and it could survive for as long as tumor cells. Moreover, these cancerous B-cells all produce a single type of antibody, called monoclonal antibody (McAb). Compared with polyclonal antibody, monoclonal antibody has advantages in terms of high purity specific, reproducible, and could support large-quantity supply. The advantages of monoclonal antibody technology, not only in immunology has brought revolutions, but also gets a very wide range of applica......

After recombinant protein Primer Pairs, Cloud-Clone Corp. released another molecular cloning tool --Taq DNA polymerase. Taq DNA polymerase was originally from Thermus Aquaticus (Taq) yT1 strains isolated from volcanic hot springs bacterium in Yellowstone National Forest Park in 1969. This enzyme gene contains 2496 bases, encoding 832 amino acids. It is a heat-stable DNA polymerases with molecular weight of approximately 94kDa. Its optimal operating temperature is 75-80°C. At conventional PCR extension phase (72°C), about 1000 nucleotides can be extended every 10 seconds. With thermal stability, Taq DNA polymerase will not be inactivated at temperature above 90°C, therefo......

Currenlty, there are two kinds of ELISA kits for target protein detection on the market, one of them uses double antibody sandwich method, and the other one uses competitive inhibition method. In the operation processes, both of these two ELISA kits need about 3 to 5 hours, various kinds of reagents preparation, and many steps and incubations. So, these factors will lead to higher posibility of error and pollution, and consequently, the experiment requires higher demand of skills for researchers. In order to increase the experimental efficiency, and decrease potential error, we had developed a series of instant ELISA kits. This kind of kits applied antibodies which are more sensitive ......

Library Introduction cDNA library (Complementary DNA Library) is a mixture of various contructs, which contains different cDNA fragments which is created from a mature mRNA from eukaryotic cells with the use of an enzyme known as reverse transcriptase. Those constructs are easy to express various proteins, unlike genome, therefore target genes can be screened from cDNA library and expressed directly. By constructing cDNA expression library, the probe of molecular marker linkage map can be provided, more importantly, it can be used to isolate full-length target gene and study its biological function. Thus, cDNA library has special advantage in the study of certain cell expression stat......

With more widely application of antibiotics in clinical practice and discovery of new viruses such as SARS and H7N9, new problems have cropped up. Due to untypical clinical symptoms and limited experience of doctors, diagnosing diseases with similar symptoms becomes difficult. Especially for bacterial infections and non-bacterial infections, their treatments are totally different. Once misdiagnosis occurs, the best treatment time might be missed. That would lead to serious consequences such as disease deterioration. Therefore, how should we judge whether it is bacterial infection or non-bacterial infection? Researchers found that, PCT (procalcitonin) is a kind of special protein, its ......