Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor Gamma (PPARg)

Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor gamma is a member of the orphan nuclear receptor family. Oxidized metabolites of linoleic acid, 9-hydroxyctadienoic acid (9-HODE) and 13-HODE are activators and ligands of PPAR-gamma. PPAR-gamma; is expressed in white adipose tissue, intestinal mucosa, colon, spleen, monocytes, macrophages, retina, cartilage, osteoclasts, and skeletal muscle. PPAR-γ plays important roles in lipid and glucose metabolism, and has been implicated in obesity-related metabolic diseases such as hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, and coronary artery disease. Three known family members are called PPAR alpha, delta, and gamma. Three N-terminal isoforms, called gamma1, gamma 2 and gamma 3, are known to arise by alternative splicing and promoter usage from the PPAR-gamma gene. RXR is an obligate partner for PPAR.