Tumor Transplantation (TT)

Transplantation of tumor cells into immunodeficient mice is a tool to study breast cancer and its metastatic effects. The transplantation occurs as either allotransplants or xenographic transplants. Commonly, human cells are inoculated in an immunocompromised murine recipient. Inoculating cells through intra ductal transplantations, by cleared mammary fat pad injections or by transplantations into the tail vein. Different organs can be seeded with kinds of cancer cells depending on the route of injection. The systolic velocity integral alone can be used for assessing changes in stroke volume but for absolute values of stroke volume and stroke index flow area should also be determined.